Home | Index | Next SURFACE ANATOMY
INTRODUCTION
Optimal patient care requires that the EMT-I understand human surface anatomy. The following topics will be discussed during this lesson:
• Surface anatomy
• Patient position
• Functions of body systems
• Location of anatomic structures
COURSE OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson the participants will be able to:
1. Relate how anatomic locations are described.
2. Explain the different positions that patients placed.
3. Locate the major bones of the human body.
4. Locate pertinent landmarks for the human body.
KEY CONCEPTS
The following section provides information and space for taking notes on the key concepts discussed by the instructor.
Directional terms:
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• Anterior - front
• Posterior - rear
• Superior - above
• Inferior - below
• Medial - closer to center
• Lateral - farther from center
• Distal - away from point of attachment
• Proximal - near to point of attachment |
The standard anatomic position: Body facing with palms and feet facing forward.
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Anatomical Lines
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§ Midsagittal a. Line through the center of the body dividing the body into right and left
§ Frontal b. Line dividing body into anterior and posterior
§ Horizontal c. Line dividing body into superior and inferior
§ Midline d. Line drawn through nose and umbilicus
§ Midclavicular e. Line through the middle of the clavicle, parallel to the midline
§ Midaxillary f. Line through the middle of the armpit, parallel to the midline
§ Anterior Axillary g. Line through the anterior of the armpit parallel to the midline
§ Posterior axillary h. Line through the posterior of the armpit parallel to the midline |
Locate the following bones:
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§ a. Clavicle
§ b. Scapula
§ c. Sternum
§ d. Ribs
§ e. Humerus
§ f. Elbow
§ g. Ulna
§ h. Radius
§ i. Iliac crest
§ j. Ilium (hip)
§ k. Pelvic Girdle
§ l. Sacrum
§ m. Vertebral column
§ n. Femur
§ o. Patella
§ p. Tibia
§ q. Fibula
§ r. Metacarpals
§ s. Phalanges (fingers)
§ t. Metatarsals
§ u. Phalanges (toes)
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Locate the following landmarks:
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• Skull 1. Frontal 2. Parietal 3. Temporal 4. Occipital
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• Facial 1. Periorbital 2. Supraorbital 3. Zygomatic arch 4. Nasal 5. Maxilla 6. Mandible |
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• Neck 1. Thyroid cartilage
2. C7 prominence |
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• Thorax Anterior a. Suprasternal notch b. Manubrium of sternum c. Sternal notch d. Xiphoid process e. Intercostal spaces f. Costochondral junction g. Costal Margin
Posterior a. Inferior angle of Scapula b. Mid-scapular line c. Mid-vertebral line d. Spinous process |
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• Abdomen a. Epigastruim b. Right upper quadrant (liver, gall bladder, head of pancreas, part of duodenum , right kidney and part of colon) c. Left upper quadrant (spleen, tail of pancreas, stomach, left kidney and part of colon) d. Right lower quadrant (appendix, ascending colon, small intestine and right ovary and fallopian tube) e. Left lower quadrant (small intestine, descending colon, and left ovary and fallopian tube) f. Umbilicus g. Flands h. Suprapubic
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